01 Milling (Cutting)

Cutting machine is used to process glass blank surfaces. Excess glass material is removed from blanks to achieve approximate shape and dimensions per drawings, preparing for fine grinding.

02 Fine Grinding

Special diamond grains are applied for micro‑grinding on glass surfaces, to meet requirements on surface roughness, surface figure error (fringe N) and center thickness (T).

03 Polishing (Lapping)

①Rough polishing: Remove damaged layer from fine‑grinding process to achieve required surface quality. ②Finish polishing: Achieve drawing‑specified fringe and local fringe values, eliminate surface scratches, and obtain transparent regular optical surfaces.

04 Centering & Edging

Automatic centering machines perform outer‑diameter grinding for lenses, to get qualified outer‑dimension specifications for customer assembly.

05 Coating

Single‑layer or multi‑layer films are deposited on component surfaces to increase transmittance or reflectance, satisfying optical performance requirements.

06 Cementing

Two or more lenses of different materials (refractive indices), convex‑concave pairs with identical radius of curvature, are bonded by optical‑grade adhesive (refractive index 1.6). Multiple lenses complement each other to meet optical specifications.

07 Black‑coating (Edge‑ink Coating)

Absorb light at edges of optical elements, reduce stray‑light coefficient of optical systems, and suppress reflected light from lens barrels and diaphragms.